Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction
Switching to safer nicotine products could be a life-saving approach for millions of people who use high-risk tobacco like combustible cigarettes.
GSTHR maps the global, regional and national availability and use of safer nicotine products, regulatory responses to them, and the public health potential of tobacco harm reduction (THR). Explore any country's data on smoking, vaping, snus, HTP - enter a country in the search box, or find it on the globe.
Just published! Situation Report 2026
'Not if, but when': GSTHR Situation Report 2026 charts growing consumer demand for tobacco harm reduction, despite widening policy gulf.
Navigate the World of Tobacco Harm Reduction
Highlights of Nicotine FAQ
Quick, data-driven answers to the questions people ask most about smoking, nicotine and safer alternatives.
Browse All Questions- What is snus?
- How many vapers are there worldwide?
- Why does the GSTHR use "vaping product" as well as "e-cigarette"?
- Which countries allow nicotine vapes (e-cigarettes) to be advertised at point of sale?
- Which countries allow the sale of nicotine pouches?
- Which countries ban the sale of heated tobacco products?
Recently Updated Country Information
Ghana | Regulatory status (2025): Banned
Nicaragua | General taxation rates (2023): 0.76
Uruguay | Excise value (2023): 0.47
États-Unis | Excise value (2023): 0.32
Read the Latest Briefing Papers
View, download and use GSTHR infographics, charts and graphs:
Read and download major GSTHR reports:
Not if, but when:
GSTHR Situation Report 2026
The report charts growing consumer demand for tobacco harm reduction, despite widening policy gulf. The rising use of safer nicotine products (over 200 million adults) has coincided with declining smoking prevalence across multiple countries.
A Situation Report
Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2024
The fourth in our biennial GSTHR series, this report tracks the extent to which safer nicotine products are replacing and substituting for combustible and risky oral tobacco products. It is split into two parts, A Global Perspective and Regional and National Insights.
The Right Side of History
Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2022
The third report in our biennial GSTHR series documents the search for safer ways to use nicotine and charts the history of tobacco harm reduction with the emergence of new safer nicotine products.
Fighting the Last War:
the WHO and International Tobacco Control
This 2021 report from K∙A∙C’s Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction argues that “tobacco control policy is frozen in time” while “innovative non-combustible nicotine technology and supporting evidence have moved forwards”.