W Chinach palenie oraz sprzedaż papierosów są legalne, a zakup papierosów jest możliwy również przez internet, jednak sprzedaż w automatach jest zabroniona. Import papierosów w celach handlowych dozwolony jest na podstawie odpowiedniej licencji. Obowiązuje całkowity zakaz reklamy wyrobów tytoniowych, a na opakowaniach papierosów muszą znajdować się ostrzeżenia zdrowotne. Minimalny wiek uprawniający do zakupu papierosów to 18 lat, a palenie w miejscach publicznych podlega określonym ograniczeniom prawnym. Całkowita stawka opodatkowania papierosów wynosi 52%. Według szacunków na rok 2024, w Chinach było około 293,5 miliona dorosłych osób aktualnie palących, co oznacza rozpowszechnienie palenia wśród dorosłych na poziomie 23,2%. Wśród mężczyzn odsetek ten wynosił 43,9%, a wśród kobiet jedynie 1,8%. Liczba osób palących codziennie wynosiła około 256,9 miliona, przy rozpowszechnieniu palenia codziennego wśród dorosłych na poziomie 20,3%—38,6% u mężczyzn i 1,3% u kobiet. Zgodnie z danymi z 2021 roku, palenie tytoniu było przyczyną około 2,7 miliona zgonów w Chinach, z czego 2,2 miliona stanowiły zgony mężczyzn, a 490 700 dotyczyło kobiet. Oznacza to, że palenie odpowiadało za 22,78% wszystkich zgonów w kraju, w tym za 31,81% zgonów mężczyzn i 10,11% zgonów kobiet.
Częstość występowania
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 289.6 million | 1A |
| 2024 | 288.3 million | 1B |
- (1) WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, third edition. (2019). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-report-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-2025-third-edition. (2) Department of Economic and Social Affairs (Ed.). (2019). World Population Prospects 2019 (Online Edition Rev. 1.; Population Division). United Nations. https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Standard/Population/
- WHO. (2025). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2024 and projections 2025–2030 (6th edn). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 24.7% | 1A |
| 2020 | 25.8% | 1B A |
| 2020 | 25.3% | 1C |
| 2024 | 23.2% | 1D B |
| 2024 | 24.4% | 1E |
- WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, third edition. (2019). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-report-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-2025-third-edition.
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- WHO. (2021). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, fourth edition (4th ed). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/348537
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- WHO. (2025). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2024 and projections 2025–2030 (6th edn). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
- Current tobacco smoking rates among people aged 15 years and older, 2024 estimates. Crude adjusted prevalence (%).
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 1.8% | 1A |
| 2020 | 2.3% | 1B A |
| 2020 | 2.1% | 1C |
| 2024 | 1.8% | 1D B |
| 2024 | 1.9% | 1E |
- WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, third edition. (2019). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-report-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-2025-third-edition.
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- WHO. (2021). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, fourth edition (4th ed). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/348537
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- WHO. (2025). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2024 and projections 2025–2030 (6th edn). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
- Current tobacco smoking rates among people aged 15 years and older, 2022 estimates. Crude adjusted prevalence (%).
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 47.7% | 1A |
| 2020 | 48.8% | 1B A |
| 2020 | 47.8% | 1C |
| 2024 | 43.9% | 1D B |
| 2024 | 46.4% | 1E |
- WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, third edition. (2019). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/who-global-report-on-trends-in-prevalence-of-tobacco-use-2000-2025-third-edition.
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- WHO. (2021). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000-2025, fourth edition (4th ed). World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/348537
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- WHO. (2025). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2024 and projections 2025–2030 (6th edn). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
- Current tobacco smoking rates among people aged 15 years and older, 2024 estimates. Crude adjusted prevalence (%).
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 22.5% | 3A A |
| 2024 | 20.3% | 3B |
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 1.9% | 3A A |
| 2024 | 1.3% | 3B |
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 42.6% | 3A A |
| 2024 | 38.6% | 3B |
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- Adults survey: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), 2020; National, ages 15+
- WHO. (2025). WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco use 2000–2024 and projections 2025–2030 (6th edn). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240116276
- WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2017, Country profiles http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/en/
- Zeng X, Liu S, Liu Y, Xiao L. Smoking Prevalence in Urban and Rural Areas - China, 2024. China CDC Wkly. 2025 May 30;7(22):751-759. doi: 10.46234/ccdcw2025.124. PMID: 40621203; PMCID: PMC12228068.
- These rates are modelled using all national survey data published since 1990 to estimate the underlying prevalence trends by sex, then applying age-standardization to allow comparison with other countries. They do not necessarily resemble country data from 2015
Śmiertelność
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2.0 million | 1A |
| 2021 | 2.7 million | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Number of tobacco-related deaths in the population in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 477,163 | 1A |
| 2021 | 490,680 | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Number of tobacco-related deaths in the population in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1.5 million | 1A |
| 2021 | 2.2 million | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Number of tobacco-related deaths in the population in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 21.94% | 1A |
| 2021 | 22.78% | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Percentage of tobacco-related deaths to deaths from all causes in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 12.8% | 1A |
| 2021 | 10.11% | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Percentage of tobacco-related deaths to deaths from all causes in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
| Year | Value | Reference/Comment |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 24.9% | 1A |
| 2021 | 31.81% | 1B A |
- The Tobacco Atlas. Available at: https://tobaccoatlas.org/topic/deaths/ Data source: GBD 2016 Risk Factors Collaborators.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Percentage of tobacco-related deaths to deaths from all causes in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
- Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/
- Number of tobacco-related deaths in the population in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
- Percentage of tobacco-related deaths to deaths from all causes in 2021 by gender for all age groups. Tobacco-related mortality includes smoking tobacco use, smokeless tobacco use and second-hand smoke.
Promocja produktu
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
Regulacje
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- There are some restrictions.
Dostępność
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- World Bank. Cigarettes containing tobacco imports by country in 2023. Available at: https://wits.worldbank.org/trade/comtrade/en/country/ALL/year/2023/tradeflow/Imports/partner/WLD/product/240220. Accessed: 2 July 2025.
- There are some restrictions.
- An import license is required.
Regulacje i ograniczenia
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- Restrictions exist only in some public places such as educational facilities and public transport.
Podatek
- WHO. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2023. Available at: https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/country-profiles/tobacco/gtcr-2023/tobacco-2023-chn.pdf?sfvrsn=b8687156_3&download=true. Accessed: 10 June 2025.
- Total taxes: 52%
Publikacje
Redukcja szkód związanych z tytoniem: palący problem Azji
Harry Shapiro
Tematem tego opracowania GSTHR jest Azja. Sześćdziesiąt procent palaczy na świecie mieszka w tym regionie i dochodzi tu do niemal połowy zgonów na świecie spowodowanych paleniem. Azja jest również domem dla dziewięciu na dziesięciu użytkowników tytoniu bezdymnego (SLT), co prowadzi do wysokiej zachorowalności na raka jamy ustnej. W wielu krajach zdrowie publiczne jest poważnie zagrożone, ponieważ rządy kontrolują krajowe firmy tytoniowe lub mają w nich znaczące udziały. Potrzebne są nowe rozwiązania, aby przeciwdziałać zagrożeniu dla zdrowia publicznego wynikającemu z palenia i używania tytoniu - jednak bezpieczniejsze produkty nikotynowe są zakazane w wielu krajach. Czy redukcja szkód związanych z tytoniem poprawiłaby zdrowie publiczne w Azji? A jeśli tak - jakie przeszkody stoją jej na drodze?
Oficjalne wydarzenie inaugurujące opracowanie odbyło się online w niedzielę 18 kwietnia 2021 r. i zostało współorganizowane z Association of Vapers India.
Countries With the Highest Number of Current Tobacco Smokers
- Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020
This figure illustrates how almost half the world’s smokers (46%) live in just three countries. China has the largest number of current smokers at 290 million, followed by India at 116 million and Indonesia at 61 million. Together, these countries account for 467 million smokers.
Around the world high levels persist, despite major global initiatives led by WHO to reduce smoking – and despite the investment of millions of dollars in tobacco control to reduce the demand for and supply of tobacco (See Chapter 5 of the report: Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020). Average levels of smoking at a national level hide significant differences in the levels of smoking between males and females. Almost one third of men (30 percent) globally smoke compared with 10 percent of women.
According to WHO data for 2018, the prevalence of current tobacco smoking among men in 35 countries is above 40 per cent. This ranges from a staggering 69 percent in Kiribati, to 50 percent in Albania, Cyprus, Kyrgyzstan and Latvia, 45 percent in Greece, Mongolia and Republic of Moldova and 41 percent in Ukraine, the Russian Federation, Bangladesh and Samoa.
In a few high-prevalence countries, the level of female smoking is higher than the male smoking levels found in lower prevalence countries for example, in Kiribati, Nauru, Chile and Serbia, over 40 percent of women smoke compared to 78 other countries where less than 30 percent of men smoke. In some indigenous communities, such as the Māori, more women smoke than men (see Chapter 7 of the report: Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020). There is some evidence that for cultural or social reasons in some countries, there may be under-reporting of female smoking.
For more information see also p.31 of the report: Burning Issues: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2020